Angler caught a trophy-sized perch while ice fishing

Ice Fishing 101: A How To in a Few Easy Steps

Winter can be long and harsh without something to do. Ice fishing is a great way of getting outside and embracing the winter season. It’s an adventure that can be experienced alone or with friends. Either way, the thrill of being on the ice and catching delicious fish is another way to enjoy what can be a very long winter.

Whether you’re a novice angler or an experienced fisherman, this article will guide you through the mesmerizing world of ice fishing or snow fishing, as some would call it.

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From ice fishing essentials to purchasing the right gear and mastering the art of drilling the perfect ice hole, we’ll cover each step in detail. You’ll also learn valuable techniques for finding the best spots, selecting the right bait, and attracting fish like a pro. So, what are we waiting for? Let’s get started and learn how to ice fish.

Do You Need a Fishing License for Ice Fishing?

In Ontario, you are required, by law, to possess a fishing license and an outdoor card. Under 18 and over 65, you do not need to purchase a license.

Ice Fishing Safety

Before casting your first cast, safety should always be your top priority. Your life is worth so much more than what you might catch!

First and foremost, always check the ice thickness before stepping onto it and be on the lookout for thin spots. A minimum of four inches of clear blue ice is generally considered the safest ice for walking. As for a vehicle to be on the ice, you need at least 8 to 12 inches of solid ice. Don’t forget to wear a life jacket (life preserver) or, better yet, a flotation suit and carry safety picks or ice claws.

Equally important is dressing accordingly for the cold weather. Layer your clothing to trap warmth, wear insulated and waterproof boots, and don’t forget to protect your extremities with gloves, hats, and scarves. It’s a good idea to carry a package of hot paws (hand warmers) should your hands or feet get cold. Alternatively, investing in a pair of heated gloves or socks can make your fishing experience much more enjoyable. Lastly, never venture alone on a frozen lake – always inform someone of your ice fishing plans and expected return time. And for goodness sake, learn to recognize the signs of hypothermia – it’s not a joke. You can learn more about hypothermia in our ice picks post.

Ice Fishing Equipment List for Beginners

Ice Fishing on a Frozen Lake
Ice Fishing on a Frozen Lake

With ice safety covered, let’s see what essential ice fishing gear you need for your ice fishing trip. Here are the central items you’ll need to have in your ice fishing arsenal:

Ice Fishing Rods

For ice fishing, you want a short, lightweight, sturdy ice fishing rod and reel combo that can withstand harsh temperatures and handle the weight of bigger fish. For the most part, in Ontario, you are allowed to use two lines.

Ice Auger

You will also need an ice auger, a specialized tool for drilling holes in the ice. Depending on your needs, choose between a manual or gas-powered auger. We use a hand auger, which works perfectly fine. The manual ice auger cuts holes rapidly and with relative ease.

Ice Fishing Shelter

While not mandatory, ice fishing huts can protect you from the elements and make your ice fishing experience much more comfortable. You can opt for portable ice tents or fish houses. Before deciding which route best suits you, check your local regulations. Some provinces/states will require you to register your ice hut. If you choose this route, you should look into a propane heater to keep you warm. 

Ice Fishing Tackle

Stock up on various ice fishing tackle – like ice fishing jigs, spoons, a spring bobber and tip-ups. Carrying a vast selection of baits and lures allows you to target different fish species – be mindful of what targetted fish is open for your waterbody, along with catch limits. Popular baits include artificial lures like worms, leeches, grubs, and maggots. Reminder: If you live in Ontario, we now have new laws regarding the transportation of live baitfish. Be sure to check with your local regulations regarding live bait.

Ice Scoop

After drilling the hole, you will need an ice scoop to remove ice shavings from the hole. It also allows you to keep the ice hole clean and prevents slush from forming, which can interfere with fishing.

Utility Sled

Instead of carrying your gear in a bucket, a sled is a more practical way to transport your gear across the ice. Look for a sturdy sled with enough capacity to carry all your ice fishing equipment and supplies. A suggested brand of utility sleds worth looking into is Pelican. Their sleds are durable and well-made. If towing by vehicle, the Sport 82 features a tow hitch, while the Trek 60 is perfect if venturing out on foot.

Ice Fishing Electronics

Investing in a fishfinder, flasher, sonar unit, or underwater camera can enhance your ice fishing experience. These devices help you locate fish, see your lure, mark waypoints for future returns and understand their behaviour beneath the ice.

Other Ice Fishing Equipment and Accessories to Consider

Squatting for long periods is not fun. You can sit on the five-gallon bucket you plan on keeping your catch in or bring a small portable hunting or camping chair. Don’t forget to bring a first aid kit, sunglasses as the snow can be blinding, snacks, a warm beverage, an extra pair of gloves, an extra spool of line and your fishing license. And, if you do not have a pair of good, grippy boots, consider investing in some ice cleats.

REMEMBER

Check your local regulations regarding gear restrictions and limitations before you head out!

Finding the Perfect Spot

FatFish Ice Fishing Hut
FatFish Ice Fishing Hut

For a beginner, finding the spot can be difficult. In the winter months, fish behaviour will vary greatly on the body of water, time of year, and weather conditions. Below are a few tips to help you find the perfect ice fishing spot:

RESEARCH LOCAL LAKES. Start by researching local lakes known for ice fishing. Check online forums, talk to local anglers, and consult fishing guidebooks to gather valuable information about the lakes you will be fishing.
LOOK FOR STRUCTURES. Fish usually gather around underwater structures such as drop-offs, weed beds, and submerged rocks. These structures provide shelter and food sources for fish. Use a fish finder or consult lake maps to identify potential hotspots or schools of fish.
CONSIDER DEPTH. Different fish species prefer different depths. For example, lake trout are often found in deeper water, while panfish like perch and bluegill love shallower areas. Experiment with drilling holes at various depths to find your target fish.
WITH CAUTION, FOLLOW THE CROWD. If you notice other ice anglers congregating in a particular area, it’s a good sign that the fishing is productive there. However, exercise caution and maintain a safe distance between your holes to prevent accidents.

REMEMBER

Ice conditions can change rapidly! Stay alert and adjust your fishing location accordingly.

Preparing the Ice Fishing Hole

Drilling holes takes muscle, but the most crucial is verifying that you are drilling into safe ice! Once you know the ice is safe, follow these steps to prepare your ice fishing hole:

  1. MARK YOUR SPOT. Use a handheld GPS device or landmarks on the shore to mark the spot where you plan to drill your hole. Avoid drilling multiple holes in a small area.
  2. CLEAR THE SNOW. Remove any snow or slush from the surface of the ice using a shovel or an ice scoop.
  3. MEASURE ICE THICKNESS. Use an ice chisel or ice auger to measure the thickness of the ice. Drill a small test hole and measure the ice thickness at various points. Remember the safety guidelines mentioned earlier and ensure the ice is thick enough to support your weight.
  4. DRILL THE HOLE. Once you’ve determined the ice thickness, use an ice auger to drill your hole. Keep the hole diameter between six to ten inches to allow easy access to fish and prevent them from escaping. This diameter will be dependent on the ice auger you use.
  5. REMOVE ICE SHAVINGS. After drilling the hole, use an ice scoop to remove the ice shavings and create a clean and clear opening. Discard the shavings away from the hole to prevent them from obstructing your fishing area.

Here is a short video of a manual ice auger in action.

Techniques for Catching Fish Through the Ice

Catch and Release Bass
Fishing for Bass in the Winter

With the fishing hole set, it’s time to cast into the ice hole for the first time. Some effective ice fishing for beginners techniques to use are:

JIGGING. Jigging is a popular ice fishing technique that involves using a jig or a lure to mimic the movement of prey. Drop your jig into the water and use short, quick motions with the jig rod to make the lure flutter up and down. This dancing motion will attract the attention of nearby fish.
TIP-UPS. Tip-ups are simple devices that suspend a baited line beneath the ice. These devices are great for targetting larger fish such as pike or walleye. To use a tip-up, attach a baited hook or a live minnow to the line, then place it in the hole. The tip-up flag will pop up when the fish bites, indicating a potential catch.
DEAD STICKING. Dead sticking is a technique that involves using a stationary bait presentation. Start by lowering your baited hook or lure into the water and let it sit still. This technique can be effective for finicky fish or cold water conditions when fish are less active.

If you’re not having much luck, try adjusting the depth. Fish behaviour can change throughout the day, so experiment with different depths until you find where the fish are biting. Also, remember to watch your fish finder or underwater camera if you have one and adjust your technique accordingly.

Don’t forget to pay attention to your bait’s colour, size, and action, along with the speed and rhythm when jigging. You may need to swap lures or lure colours if you’re not having much luck.

REMEMBER

Ice fishing requires patience and persistence. Don’t be discouraged if you don’t catch fish immediately. Stay focused, be adaptable, and enjoy your surroundings.

What Types of Fish Can I Expect to Catch When Ice Fishing?

Besides panfish, depending on the area and regulations, you can target walleye, whitefish, northern pike, and trout.

What is the Best Time of Day for Ice Fishing?

The best time to ice fish is at dusk and dawn. The fish are hungry and will be more susceptible to your bait.

Tips for Staying Warm and Comfortable

Wearing Karbon Heated Gloves
Staying warm with the Karbon Heated Gloves while ice fishing

Ice fishing is a chilly endeavour, but with some preparation, you can stay warm and comfortable throughout your trip. Here are some ice fishing tips to help you beat the cold:

    1. DRESS IN LAYERS. Layering your clothing is the key to staying warm. Start with a moisture-wicking base layer to keep sweat away from your body. Add insulating layers such as fleece or wool, and finish with a windproof and waterproof outer layer. I prefer to wear my FXR snowmobiling suit as it’s warm and has flotation tech built right in. Depending on how cold it is, you can get away with wearing just a base layer with an FXR floater suit.
    2. PROTECT YOUR EXTREMITIES. Your extremities are susceptible to frostbite. Make sure to wear insulated gloves, thick socks, and waterproof boots. Hand and foot warmers work well for added warmth, or invest in heated gear instead.
    3. COVER YOUR FACE. Wear a face mask or a scarf to protect your face from wind and cold. Exposed skin is vulnerable to frostbite, so don’t forget to cover your nose, cheeks, and ears.
    4. STAY HYDRATED AND NOURISHED. Even in cold weather, you should stay hydrated. Drink plenty of warm fluids and eat high-energy snacks to keep your body fueled and warm.
    5. USE A HEATER. If fishing from an ice shelter, consider using a portable heater like the Buddy from Mr. Heater to maintain a comfortable temperature. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions and ensure proper ventilation to prevent carbon monoxide buildup.
    6. TAKE BREAKS INDOORS. Don’t forget to take regular breaks inside your shelter or a nearby warming hut or car if you feel cold or tired. Warm up, rehydrate, and rest before heading back out.

    Cold weather should never be an excuse to deter you from enjoying any outdoor activity. Learn how to layer clothing properly and brush up on survival techniques to stay warm and comfortable.

    Ice Fishing Etiquette and Regulations

    Of course, there are some etiquette guidelines that we should all be following. There is nothing worse than a disrespectful angler who thinks they own the ice! The following tips are not hard to follow or remember – it’s just basic etiquette. It ensures that future generations can enjoy ice fishing and allows others who participate in various winter activities to enjoy the surroundings.

    CLEAN UP. Always clean up after yourself and leave no trace. Properly dispose of your trash, and don’t leave unused bait behind.
    MAINTAIN DISTANCE. Give other ice anglers plenty of space. Avoid setting up your fishing hole too close to someone else’s, as it can interfere with their fishing experience or lead to an emergency.
    RESPECT NOISE LEVELS. Keep noise to a minimum to avoid disturbing the fish and other anglers. Loud noises and excessive movement can spook fish and make them less likely to bite.
    FOLLOW REGULATIONS. Familiarize yourself with local fishing regulations and adhere to them. Know the fishing seasons, possession limits, and size restrictions for the fish species that you are targeting. Respect protected areas and avoid fishing in prohibited zones.

    Common Mistakes to Avoid When Ice Fishing

    Ice fishing can be a challenging activity, especially for beginners. There are a few common mistakes that you can avoid to increase your chances of success:

    NOT RESEARCHING THE LAKE OR FISHING THE WRONG LOCATION. Lack of research can lead to unproductive fishing trips. Take the time to gather information about the lake, such as fish species, depths, and structures. Talk to the locals or check online forums for the best fishing advice.
    OVERLOOKING SAFETY PRECAUTIONS. Safety should always be a priority when ice fishing. Neglecting safety precautions can lead to accidents and potentially life-threatening situations. Always check ice thickness, wear appropriate clothing, and never venture out alone. Remember that NO ice is ever 100% safe, so don’t skip the safety gear!
    USING THE WRONG BAIT. Fish have different feeding habits and preferences. Using the wrong ice fishing lures can result in limited success. Research the target species and choose bait that is known to attract them. Pay attention to the colour of your lure. What works in one lake doesn’t necessarily work in another.
    NOT BEING PATIENT. Ice fishing requires lots of patience and persistence. Fish may not bite immediately. Remember to stay focused and wait for the right moment. Avoid constantly moving from hole to hole in search of fish and disturbing your ice hole. Doing so will scare off potential catches.

    Conclusion

    Ice fishing is an exhilarating activity that allows you to embrace the winter season. With the knowledge outlined in this guide, you are well-prepared to embark on your ice fishing adventures. Remember to prioritize safety, invest in the right gear, and research your fishing locations. You’ll quickly become a skilled ice angler by spending time perfecting your technique, mastering lures and learning to read the behaviours of fish and the environment.

    Now, bundle up, grab your fishing gear, and get ready to immerse yourself in the world of ice fishing. Happy fishing!

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    Fisherman Ice Fishing on a Frozen Lake
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    Katherine Widziak
    Katherine Widziak

    Fuelled by the boundless energy of my two adventurous children, my diverse repertoire extends beyond the realms of an ordinary mother. As a seasoned graphic designer, master of social media content, and savvy marketing strategist, I've sculpted my own entrepreneurial journey. My passion for the great outdoors defines me - from igniting fires to setting up camps, my skills are diverse and practical. Skilled in ATV riding, possessing sharpshooting accuracy, and a knack for out-fishing just about any man - even my husband, though that's our little secret.

    When not working away at something creative, you'll find me enjoying the outdoors in one form or another. Hopefully, I can inspire many women and men alike to pursue their outdoor goals and embark on new adventures.

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